Global freedom of expression drops by 10%, attacks on journalists rise: UNESCO report

(Web Desk) - Freedom of expression around the world has declined sharply, while attacks on journalists have increased, according to a report released by UNESCO.

The report, titled “World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development 2022–2025,” reveals that global freedom of expression declined by 10 percent between 2012 and 2024, marking the steepest drop recorded in several decades. UNESCO described the trend as alarming, warning that shrinking civic space and growing threats to media workers are undermining democratic values worldwide.

According to the report, the pressure on journalists has led to a significant rise in self-censorship, which increased by 63 percent over the same period. Many journalists now avoid reporting on sensitive issues due to fear of violence, legal action, or harassment.

The report further states that 186 journalists were killed over the past three years, highlighting the dangers faced by media professionals. In 2025 alone, 93 journalists lost their lives, with the majority of deaths occurring in conflict and war zones. UNESCO noted that impunity for crimes against journalists remains a major challenge.

Women journalists are facing growing risks as well. The report found that online attacks and harassment against female journalists have increased by 75 percent, including threats, abuse, and coordinated disinformation campaigns aimed at silencing them.

UNESCO has urged governments to take urgent steps to reverse these trends. The organization called for increased investment in free, safe, and professional journalism, stronger digital transparency measures, and the promotion of media literacy among citizens. These steps, the report said, are essential to counter misinformation, hate speech, and the erosion of freedom of expression worldwide.