Antarctica's 'Blood Falls' fascinate scientists

(Web Desk) - One of the most mysterious natural phenomena on Earth, known as “Blood Falls,” continues to intrigue scientists in Antarctica’s McMurdo Dry Valleys, one of the coldest and driest places on the planet.

The unusual red-colored waterfall appears to flow from the Taylor Glacier, creating the striking impression that blood is seeping through the ice. The phenomenon was first discovered in 1911 by Australian geologist Thomas Griffith Taylor during an expedition.

Initially, researchers believed the red color was caused by red algae. However, subsequent scientific studies revealed that the water actually comes from an ancient subglacial lake trapped beneath the glacier for nearly two million years.

According to experts, the lake contains extremely high levels of salt and iron. The salt content prevents the water from completely freezing despite Antarctica’s subzero temperatures. When the iron-rich water emerges through cracks in the glacier and comes into contact with oxygen in the air, a chemical reaction occurs. The iron oxidizes — similar to rust forming on metal — turning the water a deep red color.

Scientists have also discovered microbial life within the isolated lake. These microorganisms survive without sunlight and endure extreme environmental conditions, offering valuable insight into how life might exist in similar harsh environments beyond Earth, including on Mars.

Researchers say Blood Falls remains an important site for studying extreme ecosystems and understanding the limits of life on Earth.